Anxiety, depression, and sleep-related outcomes of glaucoma patients: systematic review and meta-analysis

Summary

This study aims to synthesize data quantifying the prevalence and severity of common psychological conditions in patients with glaucoma. 5 studies (4 995 538 subjects) were eligible for analysis. Overall, the prevalence of depression (effect size [ES] = 0.19, 95% CI 0.16–0.23; n = 31), anxiety (ES = 0.25, 95% CI 0.21–0.30; n = 18), and sleep disorders (ES = 0.47, 95% CI 0.26–0.68; n = 7) were high in patients with glaucoma. Similarly, symptomatic measurements of depression (standardized mean difference [SMD] = 0.46, 95% CI 0.19–0.73), anxiety (SMD = 0.44, 95% CI 0.08–0.81), and sleep quality (SMD = 0.72, 95% CI 0.22–1.21) were significant in glaucoma patients. A higher prevalence and severity of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders was experienced in patients with glaucoma compared with patients without glaucoma. Caregivers as well as health care providers may need to be aware of unique psychological and social stressors placed on glaucoma patients.